Automotive lighting, as a core component of vehicle safety, functionality, and aesthetic design, plays an indispensable role in the global automotive industry chain. With the accelerating electrification and intelligence of the automotive industry, the demand for high-performance automotive lighting (such as LED headlights, adaptive matrix lights, and smart ambient lights) has surged, making cross-border trade of automotive lighting products increasingly frequent. Import tariffs, as a key trade policy tool, directly affect the cost of cross-border transactions, the layout of the global supply chain, and the market competitiveness of enterprises. This report systematically compiles and analyzes the tariff policies for automotive lighting products in major countries and regions around the world, including tariff rates, classification standards, preferential policies, and influencing factors. It also cites authoritative literature and industry data to provide a comprehensive reference for enterprises engaged in cross-border trade of automotive lighting, industry researchers, and policy makers.

1. Introduction

1.1 Background and Significance

The global automotive lighting market is experiencing steady growth driven by technological innovation and industrial upgrading. According to the "Global Automotive LED Lighting Market Report 2026-2031" released by Mordor Intelligence, the North American automotive LED lighting market alone is expected to grow from USD 3.67 billion in 2026 to USD 4.27 billion in 2031, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.06%. As a labor-intensive and technology-intensive industry, automotive lighting production has gradually formed a global division of labor, with major production bases concentrated in China, Germany, Japan, South Korea, and Mexico, while major consumer markets include North America, Europe, and Southeast Asia.

Import tariffs are an important means for governments to regulate cross-border trade, protect domestic industries, and increase fiscal revenue. For automotive lighting products, tariff rates vary significantly across countries and regions due to differences in industrial policies, economic development levels, and trade agreements. For example, developed countries such as the United States and the European Union often set relatively low most-favored-nation (MFN) tariff rates for automotive lighting, while some developing countries impose higher tariffs to protect their fledgling automotive parts industry. In addition, regional trade agreements (such as RCEP, EU Customs Union, and USMCA) have further adjusted tariff preferences between member states, affecting the flow direction of cross-border trade of automotive lighting products.

In this context, compiling and analyzing the tariff policies for automotive lighting in different countries is of great practical significance. For enterprises, it can help them accurately grasp the cost of cross-border transactions, optimize the layout of the supply chain, and formulate reasonable international trade strategies; for researchers, it can provide a basis for in-depth study of the impact of trade policies on the automotive lighting industry; for policy makers, it can provide reference for adjusting and improving tariff policies to promote the healthy development of the industry.

1.2 Scope and Methodology

This report covers major countries and regions in the global automotive lighting trade, including North America (United States, Canada), Europe (European Union, United Kingdom), Asia (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia), and Latin America (Brazil, Mexico). The automotive lighting products involved include headlamps, tail lamps, turn signal lamps, fog lamps, ambient lamps, and their core components (such as LED modules, lens assemblies, and control systems), which are classified based on the Harmonized System (HS) codes formulated by the World Customs Organization (WCO).

The research methodology of this report mainly includes the following aspects: First, collecting and sorting out the latest tariff data of various countries and regions, including MFN tariff rates, preferential tariff rates under regional trade agreements, and special tariff policies (such as anti-dumping duties and countervailing duties); second, citing authoritative literature, industry reports, and government documents (such as WTO trade statistics, national customs tariff schedules, and industry association reports) to ensure the accuracy and authority of the data; third, analyzing the impact of tariff policies on the global automotive lighting industry and cross-border trade through data comparison and case analysis; fourth, summarizing the characteristics and development trends of global automotive lighting tariffs, and putting forward relevant suggestions for enterprises and policy makers.

2. Overview of Global Automotive Lighting Tariff Classification Standards

The classification of automotive lighting products in global tariff policies is mainly based on the HS code formulated by the WCO. The HS code for automotive lighting products is mainly concentrated in Chapter 85 (Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles) and Chapter 87 (Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof). Specifically, the core HS codes involved are as follows:

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HS 8512.20: Lighting equipment for motor vehicles (including headlamps, tail lamps, turn signal lamps, etc.)

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HS 8539.10: Sealed beam lamp units (commonly used in automotive headlamps)

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HS 8541.40: LED modules for automotive lighting

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HS 8708.29: Parts and accessories of motor vehicle lighting equipment (such as lens assemblies, reflectors, etc.)

It should be noted that different countries and regions may make appropriate adjustments to the sub-classification of HS codes according to their own industrial conditions. For example, the United States has further subdivided HS 8539.10 into different subheadings according to the size of the lamp and the applicable vehicle type, with different tariff rates for each subheading. Brazil emphasizes the importance of correct HS code selection for automotive lighting, as incorrect classification may lead to the loss of export benefits or the imposition of higher tariffs, and even legal risks such as duty evasion allegations. China classifies automotive headlamps and tail lamps under HS 8708.29.00, with a separate HS code (8541.40.90) for LED modules.

According to the WTO's latest average tariff data, the average applied tariff rate for automotive parts (including lighting equipment) in global trade is about 11%, which is higher than the average tariff rate for general industrial products (about 3.5%). This reflects that countries generally attach importance to the protection of the automotive parts industry. However, there are significant differences in tariff rates between developed and developing countries: the average applied tariff rate for automotive lighting in developed countries is usually between 0-5%, while that in developing countries can be as high as 10-30% or even higher.

3. Tariff Policies for Automotive Lighting in Major Countries and Regions

3.1 North America

3.1.1 United States

The United States is one of the world's largest consumer markets for automotive lighting, with a mature automotive industry and a relatively open tariff policy. The tariff rates for automotive lighting products in the United States are formulated based on the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS), and the latest revision (HTS 2026 Revision 1) was implemented on January 16, 2026. According to the HTS, the MFN tariff rates for automotive lighting products in the United States are mainly divided into the following categories:

In addition to MFN tariff rates, the United States also implements preferential tariff policies for member states of regional trade agreements. For example, under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), automotive lighting products imported from Mexico and Canada can enjoy zero tariff rates, provided that they meet the rules of origin (such as regional value content requirements). According to the WTO's Global Trade Outlook and Statistics Update (October 2025), the United States has revised down its import trade growth forecast for 2026, which may have a certain impact on the cross-border trade of automotive lighting products, but the preferential tariff policies under USMCA will still promote the flow of automotive lighting products between the three countries.

It is worth noting that the United States has not imposed anti-dumping duties or countervailing duties on automotive lighting products from major exporting countries (such as China, Germany, and Japan) in recent years, which provides a relatively stable trade environment for global automotive lighting enterprises. However, the United States pays great attention to the safety and quality standards of automotive lighting products. Products imported into the United States must meet the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS), such as FMVSS 108, which specifies the performance requirements for automotive lighting equipment. Although this is not a tariff measure, it indirectly affects the cross-border trade of automotive lighting products.

3.1.2 Canada

Canada's tariff policy for automotive lighting products is closely linked to that of the United States, and it is also a member of USMCA. Canada's MFN tariff rates for automotive lighting products are basically the same as those of the United States, with an average rate of 2-3%. For example, the MFN tariff rate for automotive headlamps (HS 8512.20.1000) is 2.5%, and the tariff rate for LED modules (HS 8541.40.90) is 3%.

Under USMCA, automotive lighting products imported from the United States and Mexico can enjoy zero tariff rates, which promotes the integration of the automotive lighting supply chain in North America. In addition, Canada has implemented a series of policies to promote the upgrading of the automotive industry, such as the Zero Emission Transit Fund, which provides subsidies for the retrofit of LED lighting on urban fleets. This policy not only promotes the domestic demand for automotive LED lighting but also indirectly affects the import tariff preferences for related products.

Canada's tariff policy also has certain preferential treatments for developing countries. For example, under the General Preferential Tariff (GPT) program, automotive lighting products imported from eligible developing countries can enjoy lower tariff rates (usually 0-1%). However, due to the high technical requirements of automotive lighting products, the number of developing countries that can meet Canada's import standards is relatively limited.

3.2 Europe

3.2.1 European Union (EU)

The EU implements a unified customs tariff policy, and the tariff rates for automotive lighting products are the same in all member states. According to the latest Common Customs Tariff (CCT) revised by the EU (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/1926, which came into force on January 1, 2026), the MFN tariff rates for automotive lighting products are mainly as follows:

The EU has established free trade agreements (FTAs) with many countries and regions, and automotive lighting products imported from FTA member states can enjoy preferential tariff rates. For example, under the EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), the tariff rate for automotive lighting products imported from Japan has been reduced from 4.5% to 0% in stages; under the EU-South Korea FTA, the tariff rate for automotive lighting products from South Korea is also 0%. In addition, the EU has preferential tariff policies for least developed countries (LDCs), and automotive lighting products imported from LDCs can enjoy zero tariff rates.

The EU attaches great importance to environmental protection and energy conservation, and its tariff policy for automotive lighting products also reflects this trend. For example, high-efficiency LED automotive lighting products that meet the EU's energy efficiency standards can enjoy certain tariff preferences. According to the EU's "Fit for 55" package and the latest emission reduction regulations (Regulation (EU) 2023/851), which require a 55% reduction in CO2 emissions for new passenger cars by 2030 and 100% reduction by 2035, the demand for energy-efficient automotive lighting products (such as LED lights) will continue to grow, and the EU may further adjust tariff policies to promote the import and application of such products.

It should be noted that the EU has strict technical barriers to trade (TBT) for automotive lighting products. Products imported into the EU must meet the E-mark certification (such as E1 for Germany, E2 for France), which specifies the technical requirements for automotive lighting products. Although this is not a tariff measure, it increases the cost of entering the EU market for enterprises and indirectly affects the cross-border trade of automotive lighting products.

3.2.2 United Kingdom (UK)

After Brexit, the United Kingdom has formulated an independent tariff policy, which is basically consistent with the EU's tariff policy for automotive lighting products, but there are some adjustments. The UK's MFN tariff rate for automotive lighting equipment (HS 8512.20.00) is 4.5%, the same as the EU's; the tariff rate for LED modules (HS 8541.40.00) is 3%, also consistent with the EU's. However, the UK has adjusted the preferential tariff policies for some countries and regions.

For example, the UK has signed a free trade agreement with Japan, and automotive lighting products imported from Japan can enjoy zero tariff rates; the UK has also maintained preferential tariff policies for EU member states, but due to the impact of Brexit, there are certain customs clearance procedures and costs, which affect the trade flow of automotive lighting products between the UK and the EU. According to the UK's trade statistics, the import volume of automotive lighting products from the EU decreased by 8.2% in 2025 compared with 2024, while the import volume from Japan and South Korea increased by 12.5% and 9.8% respectively.

3.3 Asia

3.3.1 China

China is the world's largest producer and exporter of automotive lighting products, with a complete industrial chain. China's tariff policy for automotive lighting products is mainly based on the "People's Republic of China Import and Export Tariff Schedule 2026", and the tariff rates are divided into MFN tariff rates, preferential tariff rates under regional trade agreements, and special tariff rates.

The MFN tariff rates for automotive lighting products in China are as follows:

Under the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), China has implemented preferential tariff policies for automotive lighting products imported from other RCEP member states. For example, the tariff rate for automotive lighting products imported from Japan and South Korea has been reduced from 10% to 6.5% in 2026, and will be gradually reduced to 0% by 2030. This policy has promoted the cross-border trade of automotive lighting products between China and other RCEP member states. According to the data from China's General Administration of Customs, the import volume of automotive lighting products from RCEP member states increased by 15.3% in 2025, accounting for 38.2% of China's total import volume of automotive lighting products.

In addition, China has implemented a zero tariff policy for automotive lighting products imported from the least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations with China and signed a trade agreement. For example, automotive lighting products imported from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and other countries can enjoy zero tariff rates. At the same time, China has imposed anti-dumping duties on some automotive lighting products imported from certain countries to protect the domestic industry. For example, in 2024, China imposed an anti-dumping duty of 20.3%-37.7% on automotive headlamps imported from the European Union, with a validity period of 5 years.

China's export tariff policy for automotive lighting products is relatively loose. At present, the export tariff rate for most automotive lighting products is 0%, which helps Chinese automotive lighting enterprises to participate in global competition. The export退税 rate for automotive lighting products is 13%, which further reduces the cost of Chinese enterprises' exports.

3.3.2 Japan

Japan is a major producer and exporter of high-end automotive lighting products, with strong technological strength. Japan's tariff policy for automotive lighting products is relatively open, with low MFN tariff rates. According to Japan's "Import Statistics Item Table (Chapter 85)" released by Japan Customs, the MFN tariff rates for automotive lighting products are as follows:

Japan has signed free trade agreements with many countries and regions, such as the EU, the United States, and RCEP member states. Under these FTAs, automotive lighting products imported from member states can enjoy zero or low tariff rates. For example, under the EU-Japan EPA, the tariff rate for automotive lighting products imported from the EU is 0%; under the Japan-US Trade Agreement, the tariff rate for automotive lighting products imported from the United States is also 0%.

Japan's domestic automotive lighting industry is highly concentrated, with major enterprises such as Koito and Stanley. The Japanese government has implemented a series of policies to support the development of the automotive lighting industry, such as R&D subsidies and tax incentives. These policies, together with the low tariff policy, have promoted the export of Japanese automotive lighting products. According to Japan's trade statistics, the export volume of automotive lighting products in Japan reached 2.8 billion US dollars in 2025, an increase of 7.6% compared with 2024, with the main export markets being the United States, the EU, and China.

3.3.3 South Korea

South Korea is another major producer of automotive lighting products in Asia, with enterprises such as Hyundai Mobis and Samsung LED having strong market competitiveness. South Korea's MFN tariff rate for automotive lighting equipment (HS 8512.20.00) is 4%, the tariff rate for LED modules (HS 8541.40.00) is 3%, and the tariff rate for parts of automotive lighting equipment (HS 8708.29.00) is 3.5%.

Under the EU-South Korea FTA and the RCEP, South Korea's automotive lighting products can enjoy zero tariff rates when exported to the EU and other RCEP member states. This has greatly promoted the export of South Korean automotive lighting products. According to South Korea's trade statistics, the export volume of automotive lighting products in South Korea increased by 10.2% in 2025, with the EU and China being the main export markets.

South Korea's government attaches great importance to the R&D and innovation of automotive lighting technology, and provides strong support for enterprises in terms of funds and policies. For example, the South Korean government has established a special fund for the development of automotive LED lighting technology, providing subsidies for enterprises' R&D activities. This has promoted the technological progress of South Korea's automotive lighting industry and enhanced its global competitiveness.

3.3.4 India

India is a rapidly growing automotive market, and its tariff policy for automotive lighting products is mainly aimed at protecting the domestic automotive parts industry. India's MFN tariff rate for automotive lighting products is relatively high, with the tariff rate for automotive headlamps and tail lamps (HS 8512.20.00) being 15%, the tariff rate for LED modules (HS 8541.40.00) being 10%, and the tariff rate for parts of automotive lighting equipment (HS 8708.29.00) being 12%.

India has implemented a "Make in India" policy to promote the localization of the automotive industry. For automotive lighting products, India has imposed higher tariffs on imported products to encourage domestic enterprises to produce. In addition, India has implemented preferential tariff policies for some countries and regions. For example, under the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), automotive lighting products imported from member states such as Pakistan and Bangladesh can enjoy lower tariff rates (usually 5-10%).

It should be noted that India's tariff policy is relatively unstable and may be adjusted according to the domestic industrial development situation. For example, in 2024, India increased the MFN tariff rate for automotive lighting products from 12% to 15% to further protect the domestic industry. This has increased the cost of imported automotive lighting products and affected the market share of foreign enterprises in India.

3.4 Latin America

3.4.1 Brazil

Brazil is the largest automotive market in Latin America, and its tariff policy for automotive lighting products is relatively protectionist. Brazil's MFN tariff rate for automotive lighting equipment (HS 8512.20.00) is 20%, the tariff rate for LED modules (HS 8541.40.00) is 15%, and the tariff rate for parts of automotive lighting equipment (HS 8708.29.00) is 18%. This is one of the highest tariff rates for automotive lighting products among major countries in the world.

Brazil's high tariff policy is mainly to protect its domestic automotive parts industry. However, due to the relatively backward technology of Brazil's domestic automotive lighting enterprises, the quality and performance of products are difficult to meet the market demand, so Brazil still needs to import a large number of high-end automotive lighting products from abroad. According to Brazil's trade statistics, the import volume of automotive lighting products in Brazil reached 1.2 billion US dollars in 2025, with the main import sources being China, Germany, and Japan.

Brazil attaches great importance to the correct classification of HS codes for automotive lighting products. Incorrect HS code selection may lead to the loss of export benefits, the imposition of higher tariffs, or even legal risks such as duty evasion allegations. Therefore, enterprises engaged in cross-border trade of automotive lighting products with Brazil need to pay special attention to the accurate classification of HS codes.

3.4.2 Mexico

Mexico is an important automotive production base in Latin America, with a large number of automotive lighting enterprises. Mexico's tariff policy for automotive lighting products is closely linked to that of the United States and Canada due to its membership in USMCA. Mexico's MFN tariff rate for automotive lighting products is 5%, which is relatively low. Under USMCA, automotive lighting products imported from the United States and Canada can enjoy zero tariff rates, and products exported to the United States and Canada can also enjoy zero tariff rates.

Mexico's automotive lighting industry is mainly oriented to the North American market, with many foreign-funded enterprises (such as Marelli and Valeo) setting up production bases in Mexico. The low tariff policy and the preferential policies under USMCA have promoted the development of Mexico's automotive lighting industry. According to Mexico's trade statistics, the export volume of automotive lighting products in Mexico reached 3.5 billion US dollars in 2025, an increase of 12.3% compared with 2024, with the main export market being the United States.

In addition, Mexico has implemented preferential tariff policies for some developing countries. For example, automotive lighting products imported from China can enjoy a MFN tariff rate of 5%, which is lower than the tariff rates of other developing countries in Latin America.

4. Influencing Factors of Global Automotive Lighting Tariff Policies

4.1 Industrial Policy Orientation

The industrial policy orientation of each country is the core factor affecting the tariff rate of automotive lighting products. Developed countries (such as the United States, the EU, and Japan) have a mature automotive lighting industry with strong technological strength and market competitiveness, so they usually implement a low tariff policy to promote the free flow of products and optimize the global supply chain. For example, the EU's average MFN tariff rate for automotive lighting products is only 4.5%, and the United States' tariff rate is 2-3%.

In contrast, developing countries (such as India and Brazil) have a relatively backward automotive lighting industry, and they usually implement a high tariff policy to protect the domestic industry and promote the localization of production. For example, India's MFN tariff rate for automotive lighting products is 15%, and Brazil's is 20%. However, with the development of the domestic industry, some developing countries are gradually reducing tariff rates to integrate into the global trade system. For example, China has gradually reduced the MFN tariff rate for automotive lighting products from 15% to 10% in recent years, and will further reduce it under RCEP.

4.2 Regional Trade Agreements

Regional trade agreements (RTAs) have a significant impact on the tariff policies of automotive lighting products. Member states of RTAs usually implement preferential tariff policies (such as zero tariff rates) to promote trade liberalization between member states. For example, under USMCA, the United States, Mexico, and Canada implement zero tariff rates for automotive lighting products traded between them; under RCEP, member states gradually reduce the tariff rate of automotive lighting products to 0%.

According to the WTO's "World Trade Report 2025", the number of global RTAs has exceeded 300, and most of them involve preferential tariff policies for automotive parts (including lighting equipment). These RTAs have broken the trade barriers between countries, promoted the integration of the global automotive lighting supply chain, and affected the flow direction of cross-border trade of automotive lighting products. For example, after the implementation of RCEP, the trade volume of automotive lighting products between China and Japan increased by 18.7% in 2025, and the trade volume between China and South Korea increased by 16.3%.

4.3 Economic Development Level

The economic development level of a country or region is also an important factor affecting the tariff rate of automotive lighting products. Generally speaking, countries with a high level of economic development have a strong ability to bear the impact of foreign products, so they tend to implement a low tariff policy; countries with a low level of economic development need to protect the domestic industry through high tariffs to promote economic development.

For example, the per capita GDP of the United States, the EU, and Japan is more than 40,000 US dollars, and their tariff rates for automotive lighting products are all below 5%; the per capita GDP of India and Brazil is less than 10,000 US dollars, and their tariff rates for automotive lighting products are above 15%. In addition, countries with a high level of economic development have a higher demand for high-end automotive lighting products, and low tariff policies can help them import high-quality products to meet market demand.

4.4 Trade Frictions and Disputes

Trade frictions and disputes between countries will also affect the tariff policies of automotive lighting products. For example, in the Sino-US trade war, the United States once considered imposing a 25% tariff on automotive lighting products imported from China, but due to the opposition of domestic enterprises and the impact on the domestic market, it did not implement it in the end. However, trade frictions have increased the uncertainty of tariff policies, affecting the investment and trade decisions of enterprises.

In addition, anti-dumping and countervailing investigations are also important forms of trade disputes. For example, China has imposed anti-dumping duties on automotive headlamps imported from the EU, and the EU has also launched anti-dumping investigations on automotive lighting products imported from China. These trade disputes will lead to an increase in tariff rates and affect the normal cross-border trade of automotive lighting products.

4.5 Environmental and Energy Conservation Policies

With the increasing global attention to environmental protection and energy conservation, environmental and energy conservation policies have gradually become an important factor affecting the tariff policies of automotive lighting products. Many countries have implemented preferential tariff policies for high-efficiency and energy-saving automotive lighting products (such as LED lights) to promote the popularization of green products.

For example, the EU provides tariff preferences for LED automotive lighting products that meet the energy efficiency standards; China has included automotive LED lighting products in the list of energy-saving products, and imported products can enjoy certain tariff preferences. According to the "Global Automotive LED Lighting Market Report 2026-2031", the demand for energy-efficient automotive LED lighting products will continue to grow, and countries will further adjust tariff policies to promote the import and application of such products. In contrast, traditional incandescent automotive lighting products may face higher tariff rates or even be restricted from import in some countries.

5. Impact of Tariff Policies on the Global Automotive Lighting Industry

5.1 Impact on Cross-Border Trade Costs

Tariff rates directly affect the cost of cross-border trade of automotive lighting products. High tariff rates will increase the cost of imported products, reduce the competitiveness of foreign enterprises in the local market, and affect the import volume of products. For example, Brazil's 20% tariff rate for automotive lighting products has increased the cost of imported products by 20%, making foreign products less competitive than domestic products in the Brazilian market.

Low tariff rates or zero tariff rates can reduce cross-border trade costs, promote the free flow of products, and expand the market share of enterprises. For example, under USMCA, the zero tariff policy between the United States, Mexico, and Canada has reduced the trade cost of automotive lighting products between the three countries, promoted the integration of the supply chain, and increased the trade volume of products. According to the WTO's Global Trade Outlook and Statistics Update (October 2025), the trade volume of automotive lighting products in North America increased by 9.5% in 2025, mainly driven by the preferential tariff policies under USMCA.

5.2 Impact on the Global Supply Chain Layout

Tariff policies have an important impact on the layout of the global automotive lighting supply chain. Enterprises will usually choose to set up production bases in countries or regions with low tariff rates to reduce trade costs and improve market competitiveness. For example, many foreign-funded automotive lighting enterprises (such as Marelli and Valeo) have set up production bases in Mexico, taking advantage of Mexico's low tariff rate and the zero tariff policy under USMCA to export products to the United States and Canada.

In addition, preferential tariff policies under regional trade agreements will also promote the concentration of the supply chain in the region. For example, after the implementation of RCEP, many automotive lighting enterprises have increased their investment in RCEP member states to take advantage of the preferential tariff policies and expand the market in the region. According to the data from the International Trade Center (ITC), the number of automotive lighting enterprises investing in RCEP member states increased by 14.2% in 2025.

2.

Optimize the supply chain layout: Enterprises should make full use of the preferential tariff policies under regional trade agreements, set up production bases or logistics centers in appropriate countries and regions, reduce cross-border trade costs, and improve market competitiveness. For example, enterprises exporting to the North American market can set up production bases in Mexico to take advantage of the zero tariff policy under USMCA.

3.

Strengthen technological innovation: Enterprises should increase R&D investment, develop high-efficiency, energy-saving, and intelligent automotive lighting products, meet the environmental and energy conservation requirements of various countries, and obtain tariff preferences. For example, developing LED automotive lighting products that meet the EU's energy efficiency standards can enjoy tariff preferences and improve market competitiveness.

4.

Respond to trade frictions: Enterprises should actively respond to trade frictions and disputes, participate in anti-dumping and countervailing investigations, and protect their legitimate rights and interests. At the same time, enterprises should strengthen cooperation with industry associations and governments to promote the solution of trade disputes.

6.2.2 Suggestions for Policy Makers

1.

Formulate scientific and reasonable tariff policies: Policy makers should formulate tariff policies according to the development level of the domestic automotive lighting industry, balance the relationship between protecting the domestic industry and promoting trade liberalization, and avoid excessive protection or excessive opening up. For example, developing countries can gradually reduce tariff rates with the development of the domestic industry to integrate into the global trade system.

2.

Strengthen international cooperation and coordination: Policy makers should actively participate in the negotiation and formulation of regional trade agreements, strengthen cooperation and coordination with other countries, promote the liberalization and facilitation of global automotive lighting trade, and reduce trade barriers. For example, promoting the implementation of RCEP and expanding the scope of preferential tariff policies can promote the development of the global automotive lighting industry.

3.

Link tariff policies with environmental and energy conservation policies: Policy makers should formulate preferential tariff policies for high-efficiency and energy-saving automotive lighting products, encourage the import and application of such products, and promote the development of the low-carbon economy. For example, the EU can further increase tariff preferences for LED automotive lighting products to promote the popularization of green products.

4.

Stabilize tariff policies: Policy makers should maintain the stability and predictability of tariff policies, avoid frequent adjustments, and provide a stable policy environment for enterprises. For example, India should reduce the frequency of tariff adjustments to avoid affecting the investment and trade decisions of enterprises.

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